Venous spasm during pacemaker implantation.
نویسندگان
چکیده
A 75-years-old female presented with dyspnea and syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed atrial fibrillation and complete atrioventricular block. She was therefore listed for pacemaker implantation on the next day. Initial attempt at venous access was left axillary vein. A venogram showed good venous anatomy (Fig. 1a). Several attempts to puncture axillary vein were made. However, there was no good flashback, and the attempts to pass guidewire were unsuccessful. The selection of venous access was changed to left subclavian vein. But, the puncture was still unsuccessful. Venogram was taken once again and revealed significant venous spasm (Fig. 1b). Application of nitroglycerin was taken but without significant effect (Fig. 1c). More than half an hour later, the implantation was changed to right side for the spasm of the vessel had not relieved. A single-chamber pacemaker system was implanted (Fig. 1d). Venous spasm during pacemaker implantation was rarely reported. The knowledge of it has not been elucidated, including incidence rate, risk factor, effective therapy, and so on. It may be an ignored cause of failure of vein puncture during the implantation of pacemaker.
منابع مشابه
Venous spasm during contrast-guided axillary vein puncture for pacemaker or defibrillator lead implantation.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology
دوره 11 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011